Does Childhood Reading Disability or Its Continuance Into Adulthood Underlie Problems in Adult-Age Psychosocial Well-Being? A Follow-Up Study     

Anna-Kaija Eloranta  Vesa Närhi  Timo Ahonen  Tuija Aro 《Scientific Studies of Reading》2013,17(4):273-286

ABSTRACT

This follow-up study aimed at a better understanding of the associations of reading disability (RD) with adult-age psychosocial well-being. We compared adult-age psychosocial well-being in 48 individuals (20–39 years) with documented childhood RD but without comorbid disabilities to 37 matched controls. The associations of psychosocial well-being with childhood and adult-age reading fluency were studied in the RD group, controlling for IQ, gender and unemployment. Psychosocial well-being was assessed with commonly used self-report questionnaires. No group differences were found in psychosocial well-being. In the RD group, lower adult-age reading fluency was associated with symptoms of depression, lower self-esteem, and social functioning. Severity of childhood RD was not associated with psychosocial well-being. Thus, reading fluency problems continuing into adulthood appear to be related to adult-age psychosocial well-being. A more holistic approach to studying how RD impacts adult-age well-being is needed, including both the individual’s developmental history and current functioning in various domains.  相似文献   

Maximum Likelihood Dynamic Factor Modeling for Arbitrary N and T Using SEM     

Manuel C. Voelkle  Johan H. L. Oud  Timo von Oertzen  Ulman Lindenberger 《Structural equation modeling》2013,20(3):329-350

This article has 3 objectives that build on each other. First, we demonstrate how to obtain maximum likelihood estimates for dynamic factor models (the direct autoregressive factor score model) with arbitrary T and N by means of structural equation modeling (SEM) and compare the approach to existing methods. Second, we go beyond standard time series analysis (T large and N = 1) and conventional SEM (N large and T = 1 or small) by integrating both approaches. The resulting combined model offers a variety of new modeling options including a direct test of the ergodicity hypothesis, according to which the factorial structure of an individual observed at many time points is identical to the factorial structure of a group of individuals observed at a single point in time. Third, we illustrate the flexibility of SEM time series modeling by extending the approach to account for complex error structures. We end with a discussion of current limitations and future applications of SEM-based time series modeling for arbitrary T and N.  相似文献   

The Analysis of Multivariate Group Differences Using Common Principal Components     

Timo M. Bechger  María J. Blanca  Gunter Maris 《Structural equation modeling》2013,20(4):577-587

Although it is simple to determine whether multivariate group differences are statistically significant or not, such differences are often difficult to interpret. This article is about common principal components analysis as a tool for the exploratory investigation of multivariate group differences and its relation to traditional statistical methods and structural equation modeling. Real data are used for illustration.  相似文献   

Farmers’ Perceptions of Necessary Management Skills in Finland     

Tiina E.A. Mattila  Kim O. Kaustell  Jarkko Leppälä  Timo Hurme  Juha Suutarinen 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(4):287-300

Abstract

The main aim of this pre-study was to provide a preliminary overview of Finnish farmers’ motivation and capacity prerequisites for adopting and improving their management skills. Motivation was studied by asking farmers what farm management tasks and skills they consider important. Capacity was evaluated by asking farmers to rank management tasks and skills according to their perceived difficulty. Data (n=130) were collected by means of a questionnaire that was sent to a selected group of insured of the Finnish Farmers’ Social Insurance Institution. The most challenging management tasks and topics, that is, those to which most farmers gave high ratings in terms of both importance and difficulty, consisted of applying for subsidies and getting information on them, of the investment decision process, and of maintaining safety, health, and the ability and motivation to work. These are the main areas that should receive more attention in full-time education curriculums and extension initiatives.  相似文献   

Inwiefern sind Kompetenzmodelle dazu geeignet kognitive Prozesse von Lernenden zu beschreiben?     

Timo Leuders  Beate Sodian 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2013,16(1):27-33

The increasing use of competence models for modelling domain specific knowledge in school raises the question to what extent such models can represent cognitive processes. The article analyses the recent development of models for competence scales, competence stages, competence structures and so-called cognitive diagnostic models and taxes their value in the context of subject specific educational sciences and developmental psychology.  相似文献   

Accelerometry-Based Characteristics of Overall Sedentary Behavior and Sitting in Middle-Aged Adults     

Petra Tjurin  Maisa Niemelä  Maarit Kangas  Henri Vähä-Ypyä  Harri Sievänen  Timo Jämsä 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2013,17(3):249-257

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to describe the accelerometry-based characteristics of overall sedentary behavior (SB) and sitting among adults under free-living conditions. Thirty-six (mean age 47.6 years) volunteers carried a waist-worn accelerometer for ≥4 days with data ≥600 min/d during 14 consecutive days. A machine learning (ML) based method was used to classify the patterns of SB and sitting from raw 3D acceleration. The participants spent most (69.3%) of their waking time in SB, and a half (52.2%) of the SB was performed in a sitting posture. Men broke their overall sedentary time less often (4.1 vs. 6.1 bouts/h), but women sat more; however, women broke their sitting time as often as men (7.6 bouts/h). This study confirms that SB and sitting can be distinguished using ML methods, and more information about SB can be achieved when overall SB and sitting are analyzed separately in free-living conditions.  相似文献   

Teaching in a natural history museum: what can we learn from Estonian elementary school teachers?     

Uppin  Helene  Timoštšuk  Inge 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2022,17(4):1159-1192

Cultural Studies of Science Education - Natural history museums are great places for learning new concepts and enhancing social skills and motivation. However, it is often difficult for teachers to...  相似文献   

Executive functions in learning processes: Do they benefit from physical activity?     

Jonathan Barenberg  Timo Berse  Stephan Dutke 《Educational Research Review》2011,6(3):208-222

As executive functions play an essential role in learning processes, approaches capable of enhancing executive functioning are of particular interest to educational psychology. Recently, the hypothesis has been advanced that executive functioning may benefit from changes in neurobiological processes induced by physical activity. The present research explored this hypothesis by systematically identifying and reviewing intervention studies targeting the relationship between physical activity and executive functions, distinguishing between different types of intervention and of executive function. The review found considerable evidence for beneficial effects of physical activity on executive functions, with performance benefitting more consistently in inhibition tasks than in dual task coordination, shifting tasks, or combined tasks. Possible physiological explanations are discussed. Open questions for application and future research concern the sustainability of effects, the design of physical activity interventions, and the role of individual differences. Possible interventions applicable to educational settings are discussed.  相似文献   

Assessment of the biocompatibility of three-dimensional-printed polymers using multispecies toxicity tests     

Feng Zhu  Timo Friedrich  Dayanthi Nugegoda  Jan Kaslin  Donald Wlodkowic 《Biomicrofluidics》2015,9(6)

Additive manufacturing was adopted in multiple fields of life sciences. It is also becoming a popular tool for rapid prototyping of microfluidic and biomedical devices. Limited studies have been performed to investigate the biological implications of using 3D printed polymers. Here we assessed the biocompatibility of seven commercially available polymers, using a battery of standardized bioassays for chemical risk assessment. Our data show that leachates from photopolymers substrata appear to be very toxic to vertebrates and several invertebrate indicator organisms. These results demonstrate significant consequences for the use of selected photopolymers in the fabrication of bio-devices.  相似文献   

The associations among fundamental movement skills,self-reported physical activity and academic performance during junior high school in Finland     

Timo Jaakkola  Charles Hillman  Sami Kalaja  Jarmo Liukkonen 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(16):1719-1729

The purpose of this study was to analyse the longitudinal associations between (1) fundamental movement skills (FMSs) and academic performance, and (2) self-reported physical activity and academic performance through junior high school in Finland. The participants of the study were 325 Finnish students (162 girls and 163 boys), who were 13 years old at the beginning of the study at Grade 7. Students performed three FMS tests and responded to a self-reported physical activity questionnaire at Grades 7 and 8. Marks in Finnish language, mathematics and history from Grades 7, 8 and 9 were collected. Structural equation modelling with multigroup method demonstrated that in the boys’ group, a correlation (0.17) appeared between FMS and academic performance measured at Grade 7. The results also indicated that FMS collected at Grade 8 were significantly but weakly (path coefficient 0.14) associated with academic performance at Grade 9 for both gender groups. Finally, the results of this study demonstrated that self-reported physical activity was not significantly related to academic performance during junior high school. The findings of this study suggest that mastery of FMS may contribute to better student achievement during junior high school.  相似文献